{"id":11347,"date":"2024-10-07T10:40:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T09:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/?p=11347"},"modified":"2024-10-07T11:07:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T10:07:51","slug":"moving-your-body-for-work-or-fun-does-it-matter-differential-health-effects-of-occupational-and-leisure-time-physical-activity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2024\/10\/07\/moving-your-body-for-work-or-fun-does-it-matter-differential-health-effects-of-occupational-and-leisure-time-physical-activity\/","title":{"rendered":"Moving your body for work or fun &#8211; does it matter? Differential health effects of occupational and leisure-time physical activity"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019ve all heard it before: &#8220;Physical activity is good for you.&#8221; But is that always true? While leisure-time physical activity like running or cycling certainly improves health, our new research suggests that physical activity at work may tell a different story.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Why is this study important?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While we all know that physical activity is good for our health (1), not all types of physical activity seem to offer these health benefits. In fact, what we do <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for work<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> might not protect us as much as what we do <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">during leisure time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Occupational physical activity \u2014 the exertion many people experience during their jobs \u2014 has been shown in previous studies to offer fewer health benefits compared to leisure-time physical activity, like going for a walk or to the gym after work (2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In our recent study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine (3), we dug deeper into this question by analysing individual participant data (IPD) from a wide range of studies, examining both occupational and leisure-time physical activity and their association with all-cause mortality. Understanding these differences could be important for developing public health guidelines, particularly for individuals in physically demanding jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>How did the study go about this?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We used data from the Active Worker consortium, a rich source of data from 22 different cohort studies spanning 11 countries. This gave us a large and diverse sample of over 590,000 adults, aged 18-65 years, who were followed for an average of 23 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We used a two-step approach to analyse the data in an IPD meta-analysis. First, we analysed each study individually, using survival models to assess how both occupational and leisure-time physical activity were associated with all-cause mortality. Then, we pooled the results using random effect modelling to allow us to account for variations between the different studies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We categorized both types of physical activity\u2014work and leisure\u2014into four levels: sedentary, low, moderate, and high. Our analysis also accounted for the factors: age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, education, and income.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>What did the study find?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our study revealed clear differences between the health effects of occupational and leisure-time physical activity. As expected, higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were consistently linked to a lower risk of death in both men and women (21% and 25% lower risk for men and women, respectively). In other words, staying active during your leisure time\u2014whether through exercise or recreational activities\u2014significantly reduces mortality risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, when it comes to occupational physical activity, the story is different, especially for men. We found that men with moderate or high levels of occupational physical activity had a 5% and 12% higher risk of early death, respectively, compared to those with sedentary jobs. For women, there was no significant association between occupational physical activity and mortality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interestingly, when we adjusted for income in some of our models, the association between occupational physical activity and mortality weakened (from 12% to 2% higher risk for men, and from 3% lower to 2% higher risk for women), suggesting that socioeconomic factors may play a role in this association. However, even after considering these factors, our main conclusions remained unchanged.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Key Take-Home Points<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our study highlights an important distinction: not all physical activity benefits health. While leisure-time physical activity is clearly linked to lower mortality, occupational physical activity does not offer the same protective benefits\u2014and in men, higher levels of occupational physical activity may even increase the risk of death. This challenges the popular public health message that any or all physical activity is good for you, and posits a new message around quality over quantity<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The key difference between occupational and leisure-time physical activity seems to lie in the nature of the activity. Voluntary, high-intensity activities such as running or cycling during leisure time are more likely to promote health, compared to the often repetitive, lower-intensity, and prolonged activities performed at work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This suggests that public health guidelines could be more nuanced, particularly for individuals in physically demanding jobs. Relying solely on work-related physical activity may not be enough to maintain good health. Clinicians should encourage these individuals to incorporate additional leisure-time physical activity into their daily routines. However, it\u2019s also important to recognize that the physical demands of their jobs may limit these workers\u2019 capacity to engage in such activities\u2014an issue that may require attention in both occupational health and public health strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11348\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-07-at-10.36.59-214x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"588\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-07-at-10.36.59-214x300.png 214w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-07-at-10.36.59-768x1075.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-07-at-10.36.59-640x896.png 640w, https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/files\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-07-at-10.36.59.png 1042w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">References<\/span><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British journal of sports medicine. 2020;54(24):1451-62.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cillekens B, Lang M, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, et al. How does occupational physical activity influence health? An umbrella review of 23 health outcomes across 158 observational studies. Britsh Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020;54(24):1474-81.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coenen P, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, Troiano RP, Mork PJ, Krokstad S, et al. Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine. 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Authors<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pieter Coenen and Bart Cillekens<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amsterdam UMC, department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:p.coenen@amsterdamumc.nl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">p.coenen@amsterdamumc.nl<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/><!--TrendMD v2.4.8--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We\u2019ve all heard it before: &#8220;Physical activity is good for you.&#8221; But is that always true? While leisure-time physical activity like running or cycling certainly improves health, our new research suggests that physical activity at work may tell a different story. Why is this study important? While we all know that physical activity is good [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2024\/10\/07\/moving-your-body-for-work-or-fun-does-it-matter-differential-health-effects-of-occupational-and-leisure-time-physical-activity\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":464,"featured_media":11348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[16334,655,16068,16336,16337,16338,16339,1807,16335],"class_list":["post-11347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-domains","tag-exercise","tag-featured","tag-fun","tag-leisure-time","tag-ltpa","tag-occupational-pa","tag-physical-activity","tag-work"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Moving your body for work or fun - does it matter? Differential health effects of occupational and leisure-time physical activity - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bmj.com\/bjsm\/2024\/10\/07\/moving-your-body-for-work-or-fun-does-it-matter-differential-health-effects-of-occupational-and-leisure-time-physical-activity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moving your body for work or fun - does it matter? Differential health effects of occupational and leisure-time physical activity - BJSM blog - social media&#039;s leading SEM voice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We\u2019ve all heard it before: &#8220;Physical activity is good for you.&#8221; But is that always true? 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