In a series of patients with fever without localising signs under three years old, introduction of pneumococcal immunisation eliminated this as an aetiology, with urinary tract infection being the most common cause.  Here.

In a cohort of 89 Malawian children with malnutrition 84 (96%) had echocardiographically measurable pericardial effusion on admission, of which only 16 had TB, which was previously thought to be an underlying cause for the effusion. 

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In Uruguay, universal varicella immunisation at 12 months with 90% uptake has resulted in an 81% reduction in hospital admissions for varicella complications. Here.

A case-controlled follow up study of 103 children admitted to hospital radiologically confirmed community acquired pneumonia revealed, at an average of 5.3 years after the pneumonia, an increased risk of persistent symptoms and lung function deficits.   Here.

This paper looks at the clinical features of 277 infants under two months admitted to hospital who had a diagnosis of acute otitis media, concluding that 70% had little or no other evidence of bacterial infection.  Here.

In a series of 353 New Zealand schoolchildren with group A β-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis, a regime of once daily amoxycillin was of equivalent efficacy to a twice daily regime of penicillin in treatment failure and other complications.  Here.

Perspective: Shingadia and Novelli look at the 100 year history of the tuberculin skin test and note that it is not yet obsolete if used with clinical acumen. Here.

In a population study of children under 16 in Germany there was no evidence found to support a link between influenza infection and invasive pneumococcal infection.  Here.

Of 103 children seen for TB contact tracing screening, application of the recent UK NICE guideline, which includes gamma IFN testing, 23 would have had a different treatment to that determined by previous screening methods. Here.

In a case series of 5 children receiving voriconazole, highly variable plasma levels were observed with recommended dosing regimes, implying that plasma monitoring may be necessary in children.  Here.