John diagnosed with autism at 18 months old presents to your developmental clinic at 30 months old. His mother reports developmental regression of previously acquired developmental milestones. He has now lost his previously acquired language skills and only makes incomprehensible babbles. He is otherwise clinically well and does not have any clinical seizures. You wonder whether an electroencephalogram (EEG) should be performed on John to rule out possible underlying subclinical epilepsy that may contribute to his developmental regression.

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A four-year old girl presents to the accident and emergency department with a history of being generally unwell for the preceding week and on examination is found to have cervical lymphadenopathy. In addition to a volley of tests, a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) was requested by a registrar who had read that this was a predictor of malignancy which came back as 1,750. Should this be seen as suggestive of underlying malignancy? more…

An eight week old baby is admitted with mild bronchiolitis. His parents mention that he has always cried a lot and that he is having a course of cranio-sacral therapy to try and improve things. You wonder whether there is any evidence for this.

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Whilst attending the adoption panels it has become clear that many of the prospective parents ask about the antenatal drug exposure of the babies and what that means for the future for these children. They are given fairly vague advice and told that we can’t be sure of the outcome and so are left with some uncertainty. Is it possible to give them better and clearer advice?

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A 7 year old boy is admitted to the General Paediatric ward with a community acquired pneumonia affecting the right lower lobe. It is suggested on the ward round that we arrange chest physiotherapy to try and reduce the length of his hospital stay. We wonder if there is evidence to support the use of physiotherapy in this case.

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A 7 year old child with a history of cough and fever for 1 week, has bronchial breathing over her left lower zone on auscultation. A diagnosis of lobar pneumonia is made, confirmed on plain chest x-ray, and she is treated with appropriate intravenous antibiotics. However, she continues to have a spiking fever and develops signs of a left sided pleural effusion. Repeat chest x-ray shows a ‘white out’ of the left chest with no mediastinal shift. She is referred to the regional thoracic centre for consideration of thoracotomy and drainage of a left sided parapneumonic effusion. Should she be referred to the surgeons and if so, what should they do?

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A 720g neonate in the intensive care unit develops severe hyperkalaemia with cardiac arrhythmia. The Specialist registrar decides to give a Calcium Gluconate bolus and start an Insulin and Dextrose infusion. The new Registrar queries why Salbutamol and Ion Exchange resins were not considered as these therapies are frequently used in management of hyperkalaemia in older children and adults. more…

Imagine the situation: you’re in a clinic and in comes a 7 year old child with a belly ache. The ache has been there, on and off for 3 years. Investigations have been undertaken for at least 2 years, in two different centres, and have included blood, stool, radiological and invasive procedures. No clear diagnosis has ever emerged. The parents insist that there is a cause — just that you haven’t found it yet. Sound familiar? more…

Back in 1982, when some of the readers of this journal were being tucked up in bed, others were doing the tucking-up and yet more had already fallen asleep in their armchairs, Sylvester Stallone wandered half-naked around the outskirts of a fictional US town in the film “First Blood”. However, this memorable character (John Rambo) has nothing to do with EBM. more…